SG90 Micro Servo Motor

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Component Name

Description

The SG90 Micro Servo Motor is a compact, high-performance servo motor designed for small-scale robotic and automation applications. This miniature servo motor is a popular choice among robotics enthusiasts, hobbyists, and professionals due to its ease of use, affordability, and high precision.

Functionality

The SG90 Micro Servo Motor operates on the principle of servo control, where the motor rotates to a specific angle based on the input signal received from a microcontroller or other control devices. The motor uses a three-wire interface, consisting of power, ground, and signal wires, to receive commands and provide feedback.

The SG90 servo motor is designed to rotate to a specific angle within its mechanical range, typically between 0 and 180. The motor responds to pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals, where the width of the pulse determines the desired rotation angle. The servo motor's internal controller interprets the PWM signal and adjusts the motor's rotation accordingly.

Key Features

Compact Size: The SG90 Micro Servo Motor measures only 22.8 x 11.8 x 22.8 mm (0.9 x 0.46 x 0.9 in), making it ideal for use in space-constrained applications.
High Torque: Despite its small size, the SG90 servo motor delivers a maximum torque of 1.8 kg-cm (25 oz-in) at 4.8V, allowing it to handle small to medium-sized robotic arms, grippers, and other mechanisms.
High Speed: The SG90 servo motor operates at a maximum speed of 60 degrees per second, enabling fast and precise movements.
Digital Control: The servo motor is digitally controlled, allowing for precise positioning and repeatability.
Low Voltage Operation: The SG90 servo motor operates on a minimum voltage of 3.5V and a maximum voltage of 6V, making it compatible with most microcontrollers and robotic systems.
High Accuracy: The servo motor features a high accuracy of 1, ensuring precise movements and control.
Durable Construction: The SG90 servo motor features a durable plastic housing and a metal gear train, ensuring reliable operation and long lifespan.
Three-Wire Interface: The servo motor uses a standard three-wire interface, consisting of power, ground, and signal wires, making it easy to integrate with most microcontrollers and control systems.

Applications

Robotics: SG90 servo motors are commonly used in robotics projects, including robotic arms, grippers, and mobile robots.
Automation: The servo motor is suitable for automation applications, such as CNC machines, pick-and-place machines, and other industrial automation systems.
Drone and UAV: The SG90 servo motor is used in drone and UAV applications, such as camera gimbals and servo-controlled mechanisms.
Prototyping and Hobby Projects: The servo motor is a popular choice among hobbyists and enthusiasts due to its ease of use and affordability.

Technical Specifications

| Parameter | Value |

| --- | --- |

| Operating Voltage | 3.5V - 6V |

| Maximum Torque | 1.8 kg-cm (25 oz-in) @ 4.8V |

| Maximum Speed | 60 degrees per second |

| Accuracy | 1 |

| Rotation Range | 0 - 180 |

| Weight | 9g (0.32 oz) |

| Dimensions | 22.8 x 11.8 x 22.8 mm (0.9 x 0.46 x 0.9 in) |

Conclusion

The SG90 Micro Servo Motor is a versatile and high-performance servo motor ideal for small-scale robotic and automation applications. Its compact size, high torque, and high accuracy make it a popular choice among robotics enthusiasts, hobbyists, and professionals. With its ease of use and affordability, the SG90 servo motor is an excellent component for a wide range of projects.

Pin Configuration

SG90 Micro Servo Motor Pinout Explanation
The SG90 Micro Servo Motor is a small, lightweight, and high-performance servo motor widely used in robotics, drones, and other IoT applications. It has a 3-pin connector that provides power, ground, and signal connections. Here's a detailed explanation of each pin:
Pinout Structure:
| Pin No. | Pin Name | Function | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | VCC | Power Supply | Supplies power to the servo motor |
| 2 | GND | Ground | Provides a ground connection for the servo motor |
| 3 | SIG | Signal | Controls the servo motor's rotation and movement |
Pin-by-Pin Explanation:
1. VCC (Power Supply) Pin:
Function: Supplies power to the servo motor
Voltage Range: Typically 4.8V to 6V (recommended operating voltage: 5V)
Current Rating: Up to 1A (peak current)
Description: Connect this pin to a stable power source, such as a battery or a voltage regulator, to power the servo motor.
2. GND (Ground) Pin:
Function: Provides a ground connection for the servo motor
Description: Connect this pin to the ground of the power source or the circuit's common ground to complete the circuit.
3. SIG (Signal) Pin:
Function: Controls the servo motor's rotation and movement
Signal Type: PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal
Frequency: Typically 50 Hz (suitable for most servo motors)
Pulse Width Range: 0.5 ms to 2.5 ms (corresponding to 0 to 180 rotation)
Description: Connect this pin to a microcontroller or a dedicated servo driver's output pin to send PWM signals that control the servo motor's rotation and movement.
Connection Structure:
When connecting the SG90 Micro Servo Motor to a microcontroller or a dedicated servo driver, ensure the following:
VCC pin is connected to a stable power source (e.g., 5V from a battery or voltage regulator).
GND pin is connected to the ground of the power source or the circuit's common ground.
SIG pin is connected to the microcontroller's or servo driver's output pin that sends the PWM signal.
Important Notes:
Always ensure the power supply voltage is within the recommended range to avoid damaging the servo motor.
Use a suitable current-limiting resistor or capacitor to prevent voltage spikes and ensure smooth operation.
When connecting multiple servo motors, ensure each motor has its own power supply and ground connections.
By following these guidelines and pin explanations, you can successfully connect and operate the SG90 Micro Servo Motor in your IoT projects.

Code Examples

SG90 Micro Servo Motor Documentation

Overview

The SG90 Micro Servo Motor is a small, lightweight, and high-precision servo motor designed for robotic, automation, and IoT applications. It is a popular choice for DIY projects and prototypes due to its compact size, ease of use, and affordability.

Technical Specifications

Operating Voltage: 4.8V to 6V
 Operating Current: 10mA to 100mA
 Torque: 1.6kg/cm (4.8V), 2.2kg/cm (6V)
 Speed: 60/sec (4.8V), 120/sec (6V)
 Rotation Angle: 0 to 180
 Weight: 9g
 Dimensions: 22.8mm x 11.8mm x 20.8mm

Connecting the SG90 Micro Servo Motor

To use the SG90 Micro Servo Motor, you'll need to connect it to a microcontroller or a dedicated servo controller. The motor has three wires:

VCC (Red): Connect to a power source (4.8V to 6V)
 GND (Brown): Connect to ground
 Signal (Orange): Connect to a digital pin on your microcontroller or servo controller

Code Examples

### Example 1: Basic Servo Control with Arduino

This example demonstrates how to control the SG90 Micro Servo Motor using an Arduino board.
```c++
#include <Servo.h>

Servo servo; // create a servo object

void setup() {
  servo.attach(9); // attach the servo to digital pin 9
}

void loop() {
  servo.write(0); // set the servo to 0
  delay(1000);
  servo.write(90); // set the servo to 90
  delay(1000);
  servo.write(180); // set the servo to 180
  delay(1000);
}
```
### Example 2: Servo Control with Raspberry Pi and Python

This example demonstrates how to control the SG90 Micro Servo Motor using a Raspberry Pi and Python.
```python
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(17, GPIO.OUT) // set GPIO 17 as an output

pwm = GPIO.PWM(17, 50) // create a PWM object with a frequency of 50Hz
pwm.start(0) // start the PWM with a duty cycle of 0

while True:
    pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(5) // set the servo to 0
    time.sleep(1)
    pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(10) // set the servo to 90
    time.sleep(1)
    pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(15) // set the servo to 180
    time.sleep(1)
```
### Example 3: Servo Control with ESP32 and MicroPython

This example demonstrates how to control the SG90 Micro Servo Motor using an ESP32 board and MicroPython.
```python
import machine
import time

servo = machine.PWM(machine.Pin(18), freq=50) // create a PWM object with a frequency of 50Hz

while True:
    servo.duty(50) // set the servo to 0
    time.sleep(1)
    servo.duty(100) // set the servo to 90
    time.sleep(1)
    servo.duty(150) // set the servo to 180
    time.sleep(1)
```
Note: In all examples, make sure to adjust the pin numbers and frequencies according to your specific setup and requirements. Additionally, ensure that your power supply can provide the required voltage and current for the servo motor.